集成测试侧重于验证组件与系统中的其他组件交互时的行为。因此，集成测试通常与主组件分开构建，并且可能会将受测组件和其他依赖项声明为子组件。根据测试的性质，依赖项组件可能会以模拟或桩的形式提供，以促进测试用例保持封闭状态。
测试组成部分
下面是一个简单集成测试组件的示例组件清单：
meta/integration_tests.cml：
{
include: [
"//pkg/syslog/client.shard.cml",
"//pkg/sys/testing/elf_test_runner.shard.cml",
],
program: {
binary: "bin/client_test",
},
children: [
{
name: "service",
url: "fuchsia-pkg://fuchsia.com/foo-package-tests#meta/mock_service.cm",
},
{
name: "client",
url: "fuchsia-pkg://fuchsia.com/foo-package-tests#meta/foo_client.cm",
},
],
offer: [
{
protocol: "fuchsia.example.Foo",
from: "#service",
to: [ "#client" ],
},
],
}
此测试组件声明包含以下关键元素：
- 特定于语言的必要测试运行程序分片的
include。这样，测试管理器就可以正确执行测试套件。 - 将被测组件和依赖组件列为
children。 - 在测试领域的组件之间路由所需的功能。
Fuchsia SDK 提供了其他模板，便于创建集成测试组件：
fuchsia_cc_test()：将 C++ 源代码编译到测试二进制文件中。fuchsia_test_component()：使用提供的组件清单生成包含测试的 Fuchsia 组件。您可以将多个测试组件合并到同一个fuchsia_test_package()中。
以下示例展示了如何将上述集成测试添加到 BUILD.bazel 文件中：
load(
"fuchsia_cc_test",
"fuchsia_component",
"fuchsia_component_manifest",
"fuchsia_test_component",
"fuchsia_test_package",
)
# Component under test
fuchsia_component(
name = "foo_client",
manifest = ":foo_client_manifest",
visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
)
# Test dependencies
fuchsia_component(
name = "mock_service",
manifest = ":mock_service_manifest",
visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
)
# Component containing integration tests
fuchsia_cc_test(
name = "client_integration_test",
srcs = [ ... ],
deps = [ ... ],
)
fuchsia_component_manifest(
name = "integration_test_manifest",
src = "meta/integration_tests.cml",
)
fuchsia_test_component(
name = "integration_test_component",
manifest = ":integration_test_manifest",
test_name = "client_integration_test",
visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
deps = [":client_integration_test"],
)
# Hermetic test package
fuchsia_test_package(
name = "integration_test_pkg",
visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
deps = [
":foo_client",
":mock_service",
":integration_test_component",
],
)
此集成测试 build 配置包含以下关键元素：
- 描述集成测试组件及其组件清单的
fuchsia_test_component()目标。 - 其他
fuchsia_component()目标，表示集成测试所需的组件依赖项。 - 单个封闭
fuchsia_test_package()，可将测试组件和所有依赖项捆绑在一起。
练习：Echo 服务器集成测试
在本练习中，您将添加一个集成测试组件，以使用测试运行程序框架来练习 echo_server 组件的 FIDL 协议接口，并在 FEMU 环境中运行这些测试。
添加集成测试组件
首先，在 Bazel 工作区中创建一个新的项目目录：
mkdir -p fuchsia-codelab/echo-integration
完成本部分后，项目应具有以下目录结构：
//fuchsia-codelab/echo-integration
|- BUILD.bazel
|- meta
| |- echo_integration_test.cml
|
|- echo_integration_test.cc
创建测试组件清单
创建 echo-integration/meta/echo_integration_test.cml 测试组件清单，将 echo-server 组件声明为子组件，并将 Echo 协议功能路由到测试组件。
echo-integration/meta/echo_integration_test.cml：
{
include: [
"syslog/client.shard.cml",
"sys/testing/elf_test_runner.shard.cml",
],
// Information about the program to run.
program: {
// The binary to run for this component.
binary: "bin/echo_integration_test",
},
// Child components orchestrated by the integration test.
children: [
{
name: "echo_server",
url: "#meta/echo_server.cm",
},
],
// Capabilities used by this component.
use: [
{
protocol: [ "examples.routing.echo.Echo" ],
from: "#echo_server",
},
],
// Capabilities required by components under test.
offer: [
{
protocol: [ "fuchsia.logger.LogSink" ],
from: "parent",
to: "#echo_server",
},
],
}
请注意，echo-server 实例来自与集成测试相同的软件包。此做法通过避免依赖于其他软件包的组件，来提升封闭的测试软件包。
将以下规则添加到 BUILD.bazel 文件中，以便将集成测试组件添加到 build 配置中：
echo-integration/BUILD.bazel：
load(
"@rules_fuchsia//fuchsia:defs.bzl",
"fuchsia_cc_test",
"fuchsia_component_manifest",
"fuchsia_test_component",
"fuchsia_test_package",
)
fuchsia_cc_test(
name = "echo_integration_test",
size = "small",
srcs = ["echo_integration_test.cc"],
deps = [
"//fuchsia-codelab/echo-fidl:examples.routing.echo.fidl_cc",
"@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
"@fuchsia_sdk//pkg/async-default",
"@fuchsia_sdk//pkg/async-loop",
"@fuchsia_sdk//pkg/async-loop-cpp",
"@fuchsia_sdk//pkg/async-loop-default",
"@fuchsia_sdk//pkg/fdio",
"@fuchsia_sdk//pkg/component_incoming_cpp",
"@fuchsia_sdk//pkg/syslog",
],
)
fuchsia_component_manifest(
name = "test_manifest",
src = "meta/echo_integration_test.cml",
component_name = "echo_integration_test_component",
includes = [
"@fuchsia_sdk//pkg/sys/testing:elf_test_runner",
"@fuchsia_sdk//pkg/syslog:client",
],
)
fuchsia_test_component(
name = "echo_integration_test_component",
manifest = ":test_manifest",
visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
deps = [":echo_integration_test"],
)
fuchsia_test_package(
name = "test_pkg",
package_name = "echo_integration_test",
visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
components = [
":echo_integration_test_component",
"//fuchsia-codelab/echo-server:echo_server_component",
],
)
实现集成测试
集成测试会连接到 echo-server 公开的 Echo 协议（与客户端组件相同），发送字符串请求，并验证预期响应。
添加以下代码以实现集成测试：
echo-integration/echo_integration_test.cc：
#include <fidl/examples.routing.echo/cpp/fidl.h>
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
#include <lib/component/incoming/cpp/service_client.h>
#include <string>
TEST(EchoIntegrationTest, TestEcho) {
zx::result client_end = component::Connect<examples_routing_echo::Echo>();
ASSERT_TRUE(client_end.is_ok());
fidl::SyncClient client{std::move(*client_end)};
std::string request("Hello, world!");
fidl::Result result = client->EchoString({request});
ASSERT_TRUE(result.is_ok());
auto response = result->response();
ASSERT_TRUE(response.has_value());
ASSERT_EQ(request, response.value());
}
更新 build 配置
构建集成测试软件包并将其发布到 fuchsiasamples.com 代码库：
bazel run //fuchsia-codelab/echo-integration:test_pkg.publish -- \
--repo_name fuchsiasamples.com
运行集成测试
fuchsia_test_package() 规则会生成一个包含测试组件及其依赖项的软件包。集成测试组件的网址如下：
fuchsia-pkg://fuchsiasamples.com/echo_integration_test#meta/echo_integration_test.cm
使用 ffx test 命令执行集成测试。验证测试是否通过：
ffx test run \
fuchsia-pkg://fuchsiasamples.com/echo_integration_test#meta/echo_integration_test.cm