必要條件
在本教學課程中,您將瞭解要求管道化模式及其優點。本教學課程假設您已熟悉撰寫及執行 FIDL 用戶端和伺服器的基本概念,這部分已在 Rust 入門教學課程中說明。
總覽
在 Fuchsia 上使用 FIDL 的常見做法,就是在通訊協定之間傳遞通訊協定本身。許多 FIDL 訊息皆包含用戶端端或通道伺服器端,而管道會透過不同的 FIDL 通訊協定進行通訊。在這種情況下,用戶端端指的是管道的遠端端實作指定的通訊協定,而伺服器端指的是遠端端針對指定的通訊協定提出要求。用戶端和伺服器端的另一組條款為通訊協定和通訊協定要求。
本教學課程涵蓋以下內容:
- 在 FIDL 和 Rust FIDL 繫結中,這些用戶端和伺服器端的用法都會結束。
- 要求管線模式及其優點。
本教學課程的完整範例程式碼位於 //examples/fidl/rust/request_pipelining
。
FIDL 通訊協定
本教學課程會實作 fuchsia.examples 程式庫中的 EchoLauncher
通訊協定:
@discoverable
closed protocol EchoLauncher {
strict GetEcho(struct {
echo_prefix string:MAX_STRING_LENGTH;
}) -> (resource struct {
response client_end:Echo;
});
strict GetEchoPipelined(resource struct {
echo_prefix string:MAX_STRING_LENGTH;
request server_end:Echo;
});
};
這是一個通訊協定,可讓用戶端擷取 Echo
通訊協定的例項。用戶端可以指定前置字串,而產生的 Echo
執行個體會將該前置字串新增至每個回應。
您可以使用以下兩種方法完成這項操作:
GetEcho
:使用前置字串做為要求,並以連接至Echo
通訊協定實作的管道的「用戶端結尾」回應。收到用戶端的結尾後,用戶端即可開始透過用戶端在Echo
通訊協定上提出要求。GetEchoPipelined
:將管道的前置字串和伺服器端做為要求,並將Echo
的實作項目繫結至該管道。系統會假設提出要求的用戶端已持有用戶端,並在呼叫GetEchoPipeliend
後,開始在該管道發出Echo
要求。
顧名思義,後者會使用稱為通訊協定要求管道化的模式,也是較佳的做法。本教學課程會實作這兩種方法。
實作伺服器
實作 Echo 通訊協定
這個 Echo
實作可讓您指定前置字串,以便區分不同 Echo
伺服器執行個體:
// An Echo implementation that adds a prefix to every response
async fn run_echo_server(stream: EchoRequestStream, prefix: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
stream
.map(|result| result.context("failed request"))
.try_for_each(|request| async move {
match request {
// The SendString request is not used in this example, so just
// ignore it
EchoRequest::SendString { value: _, control_handle: _ } => {}
EchoRequest::EchoString { value, responder } => {
println!("Got echo request for prefix {}", prefix);
let response = format!("{}: {}", prefix, value);
responder.send(&response).context("error sending response")?;
}
}
Ok(())
})
.await
}
由於用戶端只使用 EchoString
,因此 SendString
處理常式為空。
實作 EchoLauncher 通訊協定
一般結構與 Echo
實作方式相似,但差別在於會使用 try_for_each_concurrent
而非 try_for_each
。此範例中的用戶端會啟動兩個 Echo
例項,因此使用並行版本可讓兩個對 run_echo_server
的呼叫同時執行:
// The EchoLauncher implementation that launches Echo servers with the specified
// prefix
async fn run_echo_launcher_server(stream: EchoLauncherRequestStream) -> Result<(), Error> {
// Currently the client only connects at most two Echo clients for each EchoLauncher
stream
.map(|result| result.context("request error"))
.try_for_each_concurrent(2, |request| async move {
let (echo_prefix, server_end) = match request {
// In the non pipelined case, we need to initialize the
// communication channel ourselves
EchoLauncherRequest::GetEcho { echo_prefix, responder } => {
println!("Got non pipelined request");
let (client_end, server_end) = create_endpoints::<EchoMarker>();
responder.send(client_end)?;
(echo_prefix, server_end)
}
// In the pipelined case, the client is responsible for
// initializing the channel, and passes the server its end of
// the channel
EchoLauncherRequest::GetEchoPipelined {
echo_prefix,
request,
control_handle: _,
} => {
println!("Got pipelined request");
(echo_prefix, request)
}
};
// Run the Echo server with the specified prefix
run_echo_server(server_end.into_stream()?, &echo_prefix).await
})
.await
}
兩種 EchoLauncher
方法都會在管道的伺服器端呼叫 run_echo_server
來處理。差異在於,在 GetEcho
中,伺服器負責初始化管道 - 它會將一端用作伺服器端,並將另一端傳回用戶端。在 GetEchoPipelined
中,伺服器端會做為要求的一部分提供,因此伺服器不需要進行其他工作,也不需要做出回應。
// The EchoLauncher implementation that launches Echo servers with the specified
// prefix
async fn run_echo_launcher_server(stream: EchoLauncherRequestStream) -> Result<(), Error> {
// Currently the client only connects at most two Echo clients for each EchoLauncher
stream
.map(|result| result.context("request error"))
.try_for_each_concurrent(2, |request| async move {
let (echo_prefix, server_end) = match request {
// In the non pipelined case, we need to initialize the
// communication channel ourselves
EchoLauncherRequest::GetEcho { echo_prefix, responder } => {
println!("Got non pipelined request");
let (client_end, server_end) = create_endpoints::<EchoMarker>();
responder.send(client_end)?;
(echo_prefix, server_end)
}
// In the pipelined case, the client is responsible for
// initializing the channel, and passes the server its end of
// the channel
EchoLauncherRequest::GetEchoPipelined {
echo_prefix,
request,
control_handle: _,
} => {
println!("Got pipelined request");
(echo_prefix, request)
}
};
// Run the Echo server with the specified prefix
run_echo_server(server_end.into_stream()?, &echo_prefix).await
})
.await
}
提供 EchoLauncher 通訊協定
主迴圈應與伺服器教學課程中的迴圈相同,但會提供 EchoLauncher
而非 Echo
。
enum IncomingService {
EchoLauncher(EchoLauncherRequestStream),
}
#[fuchsia::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
let mut fs = ServiceFs::new_local();
fs.dir("svc").add_fidl_service(IncomingService::EchoLauncher);
fs.take_and_serve_directory_handle()?;
const MAX_CONCURRENT: usize = 1000;
let fut = fs.for_each_concurrent(MAX_CONCURRENT, |IncomingService::EchoLauncher(stream)| {
run_echo_launcher_server(stream).unwrap_or_else(|e| println!("{:?}", e))
});
println!("Running echo launcher server");
fut.await;
Ok(())
}
建構伺服器
您可以視需要嘗試建構伺服器,以便檢查設定是否正確無誤:
設定 GN 建構作業,以便納入伺服器:
fx set core.x64 --with //examples/fidl/rust/request_pipelining/server:echo-server
建構 Fuchsia 映像檔:
fx build
實作用戶端
連線至 EchoLauncher
伺服器後,用戶端程式碼會使用 GetEcho
連線至一個 Echo
例項,並使用 GetEchoPipelined
連線至另一個例項,然後對每個例項提出 EchoString
要求。
以下是非管道的程式碼:
#[fuchsia::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
let echo_launcher =
connect_to_protocol::<EchoLauncherMarker>().context("Failed to connect to echo service")?;
// Create a future that obtains an Echo protocol using the non-pipelined
// GetEcho method
let non_pipelined_fut = async {
let client_end = echo_launcher.get_echo("not pipelined").await?;
// "Upgrade" the client end in the response into an Echo proxy, and
// make an EchoString request on it
let proxy = client_end.into_proxy()?;
proxy.echo_string("hello").map_ok(|val| println!("Got echo response {}", val)).await
};
// Create a future that obtains an Echo protocol using the pipelined GetEcho
// method
let (proxy, server_end) = create_proxy::<EchoMarker>()?;
echo_launcher.get_echo_pipelined("pipelined", server_end)?;
// We can make a request to the server right after sending the pipelined request
let pipelined_fut =
proxy.echo_string("hello").map_ok(|val| println!("Got echo response {}", val));
// Run the two futures to completion
let (non_pipelined_result, pipelined_result) = join!(non_pipelined_fut, pipelined_fut);
pipelined_result?;
non_pipelined_result?;
Ok(())
}
此程式碼會將兩個 Future 鏈結在一起。首先,它會向用戶端提出 GetEcho
要求。接著,它會採用該 Future 的結果,然後使用該 Future 建立用戶端物件 (proxy
)、呼叫 EchoString
,然後使用 await
對結果進行封鎖。
雖然必須先初始化管道,但管道化程式碼會簡單許多:
#[fuchsia::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
let echo_launcher =
connect_to_protocol::<EchoLauncherMarker>().context("Failed to connect to echo service")?;
// Create a future that obtains an Echo protocol using the non-pipelined
// GetEcho method
let non_pipelined_fut = async {
let client_end = echo_launcher.get_echo("not pipelined").await?;
// "Upgrade" the client end in the response into an Echo proxy, and
// make an EchoString request on it
let proxy = client_end.into_proxy()?;
proxy.echo_string("hello").map_ok(|val| println!("Got echo response {}", val)).await
};
// Create a future that obtains an Echo protocol using the pipelined GetEcho
// method
let (proxy, server_end) = create_proxy::<EchoMarker>()?;
echo_launcher.get_echo_pipelined("pipelined", server_end)?;
// We can make a request to the server right after sending the pipelined request
let pipelined_fut =
proxy.echo_string("hello").map_ok(|val| println!("Got echo response {}", val));
// Run the two futures to completion
let (non_pipelined_result, pipelined_result) = join!(non_pipelined_fut, pipelined_fut);
pipelined_result?;
non_pipelined_result?;
Ok(())
}
使用 create_proxy
,這是用來建立管道兩端的捷徑,並將其中一個端轉換為 Proxy。呼叫 GetEchoPipelined
後,用戶端可以立即提出 EchoString
要求。
最後,我們會同時執行對應於非管線和管線呼叫的兩個未來,看看哪一個會先完成:
#[fuchsia::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
let echo_launcher =
connect_to_protocol::<EchoLauncherMarker>().context("Failed to connect to echo service")?;
// Create a future that obtains an Echo protocol using the non-pipelined
// GetEcho method
let non_pipelined_fut = async {
let client_end = echo_launcher.get_echo("not pipelined").await?;
// "Upgrade" the client end in the response into an Echo proxy, and
// make an EchoString request on it
let proxy = client_end.into_proxy()?;
proxy.echo_string("hello").map_ok(|val| println!("Got echo response {}", val)).await
};
// Create a future that obtains an Echo protocol using the pipelined GetEcho
// method
let (proxy, server_end) = create_proxy::<EchoMarker>()?;
echo_launcher.get_echo_pipelined("pipelined", server_end)?;
// We can make a request to the server right after sending the pipelined request
let pipelined_fut =
proxy.echo_string("hello").map_ok(|val| println!("Got echo response {}", val));
// Run the two futures to completion
let (non_pipelined_result, pipelined_result) = join!(non_pipelined_fut, pipelined_fut);
pipelined_result?;
non_pipelined_result?;
Ok(())
}
建構用戶端
您可以視需要嘗試建構用戶端,以便檢查設定是否正確無誤:
設定 GN 建構作業,以便納入伺服器:
fx set core.x64 --with //examples/fidl/rust/request_pipelining/client:echo-client
建構 Fuchsia 映像檔:
fx build
執行程式碼範例
在本教學課程中,我們會提供
fuchsia.examples.Echo
fuchsia.examples.EchoLauncher
設定建構作業,加入提供的套件,其中包含回音領域、伺服器和用戶端:
fx set core.x64 --with //examples/fidl/rust:echo-launcher-rust
建構 Fuchsia 映像檔:
fx build
執行
echo_realm
元件。這會建立用戶端和伺服器元件執行個體,並將功能導向:ffx component run /core/ffx-laboratory:echo_realm fuchsia-pkg://fuchsia.com/echo-launcher-rust#meta/echo_realm.cm
啟動
echo_client
執行個體:ffx component start /core/ffx-laboratory:echo_realm/echo_client
伺服器元件會在用戶端嘗試連線至 EchoLauncher
通訊協定時啟動。您應該會在裝置記錄 (ffx log
) 中看到類似以下的輸出內容:
[echo_server][][I] Running echo launcher server
[echo_server][][I] Got pipelined request
[echo_server][][I] Got echo request for prefix pipelined
[echo_server][][I] Got non pipelined request
[echo_client][][I] Got echo response pipelined: hello
[echo_server][][I] Got echo request for prefix not pipelined
[echo_client][][I] Got echo response not pipelined: hello
根據列印順序,您可以看到管線化案例的速度較快。即使先傳送非管線要求,管線情況的回音回應還是會先傳送,因為要求管線可節省用戶端和伺服器之間的來回傳輸。要求管道也會簡化程式碼。
如要進一步瞭解通訊協定要求管道化,包括如何處理可能失敗的通訊協定要求,請參閱 FIDL API 大綱。
終止領域元件以停止執行並清除元件執行個體:
ffx component destroy /core/ffx-laboratory:echo_realm